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Depression
Every student experiences times of feeling down or sad. It is normal to
experience a range of different moods, and to feel blue at times. However,
negative feelings that extend beyond a few days and into weeks, or interfere
with the ability to function and interact with others may be signs of a
depressive episode. Depression is different from normal mood fluctuations in
that symptoms are intense and lasting, and interfere with the ability to enjoy
life. It can be difficult to recognize depression because symptoms may happen
gradually, or one may misconstrue depressed feelings as evidence of personal
failure. In reality, self-blame and feelings of worthlessness are common
symptoms of depression and may stand in the way of seeking help. Often, a
roommate, friend or family member may notice a problem before the person who is
suffering realizes he/she is depressed.
Prevalence of Depression
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, depression is the
leading cause of disability in the U.S. and worldwide. Approximately 18.8
million Americans are suffering from depression at any given moment.
Approximately 9.5% of Americans over the age of 18 will have a depressive
disorder in a given year, with twice as many women (12%) as men (7%) affected.
Symptoms of Depression
The following is a list of symptoms common to depression:
- feeling down or depressed much of the day
- lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities
- social withdrawal
- loss of appetite, overeating or digestive problems
- excessive sleeping, insomnia or early morning awakening
- loss of sexual desire
- physical complaints, such as headache, backache or other unexplained
pain/discomfort
- physical agitation or restlessness
- chronic fatigue, loss of energy or lack of motivation
- feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt or self-blame
- difficulty concentrating, impaired memory, indecisiveness or confusion
- neglect of physical appearance or hygiene
- irritability or rapid mood change
- thoughts of death or suicide
Causes and Treatment of Depression
The cause of depression is individual and multi-determined. Depression may
result from a combination of factors, including life stressors, personality
factors, family or interpersonal problems, or brain biochemical imbalances.
Because some medical conditions, such as thyroid dysfunction, can contribute to
depression, it is important to have a medical check-up to rule out an underlying
physical cause. Some people seem to have a biochemical predisposition to
depression, and may suffer from recurring depressive episodes or chronic
despondency. Often, a depressive episode can be linked to a loss or transition,
such as a move or separation or a romantic relationship ending. In college, for
example, the challenges of adjusting as a freshman or the stresses of senior
year are common contributors to a depressive episode. A person is most
vulnerable to depression when there is a perceived lack of support from others,
or when he or she feels unable to express important feelings to loved ones.
Depressive symptoms may lessen without professional help. However, research
indicates that the likelihood of a major depression recurring is higher when
treatment is not sought. Treatment for depression has been shown to be quite
effective. With appropriate treatment, over 80% of people with depression
improve significantly. Depression may be treated with therapy, or a combination
of therapy and medication. Anti-depressant medication is likely to be
recommended when depression is moderate to severe, or when symptoms don’t
resolve with psychotherapy. Anti-depressant medication is not habit-forming, and
usually begins to help with symptoms within a few weeks. The commonly used newer
anti-depressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or “SSRI’s”) tend to
have fewer side effects than the older medications (e.g. tricyclics, monoamine
oxidase inhibitors).
How to Cope with Depression
The symptoms associated with depression often make it difficult to function,
and may lead to feeling even worse about oneself. For example, sleeping too much
and missing classes can result in academic problems, adding to feelings of
worthlessness or self-blame. Not feeling up to socializing because of depression
may lead to an even greater sense of disconnection from others.
The following strategies can be helpful when dealing with depression:
- Practice good self-care, including getting adequate rest, nutrition, and
exercise.
- Express your feelings to trusted friends or family members.
- Avoid alcohol and drugs. Using substances may provide some temporary
relief, but ultimately adds to depressed feelings.
- Remind yourself that you are suffering from depression, not a
personality defect or other weakness. Recognize that many people experience
depression at some time in their lives and that depression can be useful in
pointing out problems that need attention. By addressing these underlying
concerns, you will ultimately become a healthier person.
- Address problems you have been avoiding, recognizing that avoidance
makes problems even worse.
- Seek help from a professional.
How to Get Help
Villanova students are invited to schedule confidential counseling sessions
with an experienced, caring psychologist for help in coping with depression. The
Counseling Center also provides consultation about how to help a friend or loved
one who may be suffering from depression. Appointments can be made by stopping
by the University Counseling Center at 206 Health Services Building or by
calling 610-519-4050.
Further Information
For further information, the following Web sources may be helpful.
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or reprinted without permission of Villanova Counseling Center.
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